• In the brain hydrolysis of AG by MGL

  2022-06-20

  

  In the brain, hydrolysis of 2-AG by MGL is the primary source of AA for conversion to PGs by cyclooxygenase (Nomura et al., 2011). PGE2 production is required for IL-1β-evoked synapse loss (Mishra et al., 2012). Here, we tested whether decreased PG levels contributed to the synapse protective effect

• Elevated methylglyoxal levels also contribute

  2022-06-20

  

  Elevated methylglyoxal levels also contribute to carbonyl stress, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, apoptosis and cell death. These mechanisms may be important for normal aging of the nervous system as well as for the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease wher

• Introduction l Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmit

  2022-06-20

  

  Introduction l-Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that contributes not only to fast synaptic neurotransmission, but also to complex physiological processes like memory, learning, plasticity, and neuronal cell death [30], [81]. Glutamate is

• Although both receptors mGluR and mGluR are present in

  2022-06-20

  

  Although both receptors, mGluR1 and mGluR5, are present in cortical and hippocampal areas from 1 to 2 weeks old neonates (López-Bendito et al., 2002) we have found that only mGluR1 was regulated after maternal l-Glu consumption. A possible explanation could be based on the different ontogenetic prof

• In a mouse model of hyperhomocysteinemia a risk factor

  2022-06-18

  

  In a mouse model of hyperhomocysteinemia (a risk factor for the development of vascular dysfunction) it has been shown that myoendothelial communication is enhanced due to increased expression of Cx37 and IK1 AS1842856 [], allowing the propagation of endothelial signals to VSMC and thereby decreasi

• br Acknowledgement We like to thank the

  2022-06-18

  

  Acknowledgement We like to thank the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy for financial support (GZ402.000/00014-WF/V/6/2016 within the Sino-Austria project) as well as Andrea Szabo and Patricia Haiss for support regarding the drawing of figures and tables. Farnesoid X Re

• We next determined the selectivity profile of the

  2022-06-18

  

  We next determined the selectivity profile of the most potent GPR40 agonists (4k–n) against other free fatty Brefeldin A receptors (FFA3/GPR41, FFA2/GPR43 and FFA4/GPR120). FFA2 and FFA3 agonists have a preference in binding short-chain fatty acids while FFA1 and FFA4 have a higher affinity to mediu

• Compounds were tested for GPR activity

  2022-06-18

  

  Compounds , were tested for GPR40 activity in a functional assay monitoring calcium flux in CHO Caspase-9 Fluorometric Assay Kit transiently transfected with human GPR40 gene. As shown in , compound was found to be a nanomolar GPR40 agonist, while compound was much less potent than . To explore

• Introduction High mobility group box HMGB is a

  2022-06-18

  

  Introduction High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that plays a fundamental role in the regulation of DNA-associated events such as DNA repair, transcription, and replication. HMGB1 can be translocated to the cytosol, plasma membrane, and extracellular space in response to various

• Septic shock a condition where

  2022-06-18

  

  Septic shock, a condition where endothelium-derived substances most likely play an important role, is often accompanied by cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension and impaired oxygen utilisation with systemic acidosis (Vincent, 1998). Experimental endotoxaemia shows a simil

• With the aim to identify potential novel targets

  2022-06-18

  

  With the aim to identify potential novel targets in CVD, we applied proteome analyses on vascular tissue of these frequently used mouse models of atherosclerotic disease in the presence and/or absence of diabetes. Potential targets for intervention identified with this approach were validated in hum

• LY 2157299 We have previously reported on the effects of

  2022-06-18

  

  We have previously reported on the effects of replacing the isoquinoline P2∗ moiety with a naphthalene ring and modifying the connectivity for this element to the P2 proline ring, as demonstrated by compounds – (). Therein, it was hypothesized that the reduced potency observed with – when compared t

• To solve the atomic structures of several individual domains

  2022-06-18

  

  To solve the atomic structures of several individual domains and a complete molecular architecture of sGC, tangible experimental research work has been done which resulted in a cryo-electron density map of R. norvegicus. However, the full structure of the human sGC remains to be determined. In the p

• Subcellular domains where Rac is active

  2022-06-18

  

  Subcellular domains where Rac is active show limited Rho activity and vice versa (Fig. 4). This distinctive patterning in Rho activity is achieved via the downstream Rac effector Par6, an important part of the so-called Par polarity complex. In primary epithelium, the cytoskeleton and associated Rho

• Our results show furthermore that higher concentrations of b

  2022-06-18

  

  Our results show furthermore, that higher concentrations of butyric ZSTK474 additionally affect GSTP1 mRNA stability leading to a strongly reduced half-life. Concentration-dependent effects of butyric acid on RNA stability and cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of GSTP1 expression r

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